Which of the following is most likely true of a protein that cotransports glucose and sodium ions into the intestinal cells of an animal?
A) Sodium and glucose compete for the same binding site in the cotransporter.
B) Glucose entering the cell down its concentration gradient provides energy for uptake of sodium ions against the electrochemical gradient.
C) Sodium ions can move down their electrochemical gradient through the cotransporter whether or not glucose is present outside the cell.
D) The cotransporter can also transport potassium ions.
E) A substance that blocks sodium ions from binding to the cotransport protein will also block the transport of glucose.
Answer: E
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A) has multiple wild animal reservoirs and is thus difficult to eradicate. B) spreads from a common source and could be controlled with adequate clean water and waste sanitation measures. C) is spread through direct contact and has only a human reservoir. D) has recently emerged due to overcrowding in urban centers.
Which U.S. regulatory agency oversees guidelines and laws that govern environmental applications of biotechnology and other sciences?
A) USDA B) EPA C) FDA D) NIH E) NSF
Smooth muscle cells in the airways relax while those in the blood vessels contract in response to the hormone epinephrine. What would you expect to be different in these two types of cells exposed to epinephrine?
A. presence of epinephrine receptors B. exposure to epinephrine released by neighboring cells C. activation of protein kinases D. types of proteins expressed E. rate of metabolism
Basic vs applied science
What will be an ideal response?