A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus was admitted to the Emergency Department with an elevated temperature and urinary tract infection. The findings were 31 acetone in the urine and blood glucose of 654 mg/dL
The nurse recognizes that the client is probably experiencing:
1. a Somogyi reaction.
2. nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome.
3. hyperinsulinism.
4. diabetic ketoacidosis.
Answer: 4
1. A Somogyi reaction involves a morning rise in blood sugar, precipitated by a nighttime hypoglycemic event.
2. Nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome is characterized by hyperglycemia, diuresis, and dehydration, but not ketosis.
3. Hyperinsulinism involves insulin resistance by the cells.
4. Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by hyperglycemia and ketosis.
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