Based on the phylogeny shown, indicate the groups that are monophyletic (Select all that apply).

Question

_____  rose and oak

_____  pine, ginkgo, oak, and rose

_____  fern, pine, and ginkgo

_____  Psaronius, fern, pine, ginkgo, oak, and rose



Clarify Question

· What is the key concept addressed by the question?

· What type of thinking is required?

· What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?

 

Gather Content

· What do you already know about monophyly?

 

Consider Possibilities

· Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?

 

Choose Answer

· Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most likely to produce the correct answer?

 

Reflect on Process · Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?

Answer 1

__X__  rose and oak
__X__  pine, ginkgo, oak, and rose
_____  fern, pine, and ginkgo
__X__  Psaronius, fern, pine, ginkgo, oak, and rose

Clarify Question
· What is the key concept addressed by the question?
        o This question addresses monophyly.
· What type of thinking is required?
        o This question is asking you to take what you already know and apply it to this unfamiliar situation.
· What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
        o A monophyletic group consists of the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants.
 
Gather Content
· What do you already know about monophyly?
        o True clades are monophyletic – they are groups including the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants.
 
Consider Possibilities
· Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
        o Do “fern, pine, and ginkgo” form a monophyletic group? No, because it excludes the equally related Psaronius, oak, and rose.
 
Choose Answer
· Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most likely to produce the correct answer?
        o Do “rose and oak” form a monophyletic group? Yes, because they share the synapomorphy “flowers” and form a clade together.
        o Do “pine, ginkgo, oak, and rose” form a monophyletic group? Yes, because they share the synapomorphy “seeds” and form a clade together.
        o Do “Psaronius, fern, pine, ginkgo, oak, and rose” form a monophyletic group? Yes, because they form a clade together as indicated on the cladogram (although their synapomorphy is not indicated here).
 
Reflect on Process · Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
        o This question asked which groupings are monophyletic.
        o The question required you to take what you already know and apply it to this unfamiliar situation.
        o Did you recognize that the question was asking which are true clades?