A university conducts a series of surveys in which subjects are drawn from first year and graduating students and finds that graduating students demonstrate much higher rates of approval for the university (in terms of whether they think the classes were relevant, the instructors were competent, etc.). The university then claims that more experience with the university leads to higher approval. What source of internal invalidity has the university not considered?

A. selection bias
B. mortality
C. noncomparable groups
D. regression


A. selection bias

Political Science

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The 1964 Civil Rights Act ______.

A. established the Department of Justice and authorized it to investigate civil rights violation across the country B. authorized the federal government to end segregation in public education and public accommodations C. authorized the federal government to intervene in southern states where African Americans were denied the right to vote D. was another symbolic piece of legislation that provided few real gains for African Americans while giving the appearance of government action

Political Science

The Supreme Court is both a court of original jurisdiction and an appellate court

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Political Science

The vice president serves as president of the U.S. Senate, but this role is mostly ceremonial

The de facto head of the U.S. Senate is the Senate majority leader. In Texas, the __________ serves as the president of the Senate, and the __________ is the real leader of the Texas Senate. A) vice president of Texas; Senate majority leader B) lieutenant governor; Senate majority leader C) lieutenant governor; lieutenant governor D) vice president of Texas; lieutenant governor E) Senate majority leader; Speaker of the Texas House

Political Science

Counties are required to provide language assistance to voters when more than 5 percent or _________ voting age citizens meet the criteria

a. 10 b. 100 c. 1,000 d. 10,000 e. 100,000

Political Science