The nurse is talking to a patient who was involved in a motor vehicle accident. The patient asks the nurse why there was no sensation of pain at the time of the accident. The best explanation would be:
a. "Vasopressin was released to decrease pain sensation."
b. "Endorphins are released during a time of stress to reduce pain."
c. "Alcohol reduces the perception of stress when injury occurs."
d. "You probably have chronic high levels of cortisol to help with chronic pain."
B
Endorphins are hormones that interact with the opiate receptors in the brain to reduce our perception of pain and produce a sense of well-being. Vasopressin increases reabsorption of water by the kidneys and induces vasoconstriction, thereby raising blood pressure. It has no effect on pain sensation. Unhealthy coping choices, such as the use of alcohol or tobacco, negatively affect a person's health as well as increasing the perception of stress. Persistent elevated cortisol levels are associated with chronic health conditions, such as obesity, heart disease, depression and anxiety, diabetes, and osteoporosis.
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During a visit to a 78-year-old with chronic heart failure, the home care nurse finds that the patient has ankle edema, a 2-kg weight gain over the past 2 days, and complains of "feeling too tired to get out of bed."
Based on these data, the best nursing diagnosis for the patient is a. activity intolerance related to fatigue. b. disturbed body image related to weight gain. c. impaired skin integrity related to ankle edema. d. impaired gas exchange related to dyspnea on exertion.
One of the key concepts in the Theory of Planned Behavior is a person's intention to engage in a particular behavior
A) True B) False
When is it appropriate to ask a surgeon to clarify information for a patient who is undergoing surgery? (Select all that apply.)
a. Before the informed consent has been signed b. When a patient is confused about the reason for the procedure c. When a patient understands the risks involved in a procedure d. If there is confusion about the procedure after the informed consent is signed e. After the surgery has been performed
The strongest power base for nursing is:
1. reward power. 2. information power. 3. personal power. 4. expert power.