A male client with a blood pressure of 124/82 mm Hg has a triglyceride level of 220 mg/dL, fasting glucose of 240 mg/dL, HDL level of 23 mg/dL, and waist circumference of 38 inches. For which health problem should the nurse prepare teaching for this client?
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Morbid obesity
c. Metabolic syndrome
d. Poorly controlled essential hypertension
c. Metabolic syndrome
A BP of 124/82 mm Hg would be considered within normal range. A fasting glucose of 240 mg/dL requires close monitoring and possible testing to determine if the client has diabetes, since a diagnosis should not be made on a one-time variation in laboratory results. Obesity should be determined based on the client's height, weight, and BMI rather than weight alone. Since the client has a poorly controlled fasting blood sugar, an abdominal circumference of > 35 inches, and triglycerides > 150 mg/dl the client meets the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome.
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Why does tissue damage occurs in acute rejection after organ transplantation?
a. Th1 cells release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages, and cytotoxic T cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the transplanted tissue. b. Circulating immune complexes are deposited in the endothelial cells of transplanted tissue, where the complement cascade lyses tissue. c. Receptors on natural killer cells recognize antigens on the cell surface of transplanted tissue, which releases lysosomal enzymes that destroy tissue. d. Antibodies coat the surface of transplanted tissue to which mast cells bind and liberate preformed chemical mediators that destroy tissue.
What anatomical structure connects the stomach and the mouth?
A. Trachea B. Spinal column C. Hepatic duct D. Esophagus