The daughter of an older patient asks why the patient is experiencing frequent episodes of pneumonia. What factors should the nurse discuss when responding?

Question

Select all that apply.

1. Diminished thirst reflex
2. Diminished cough reflex
3. Less production of sputum
4. Reduced bladder contractility
5. Reduced mucociliary clearance in the lungs

Answer 1

Correct Answer: 2, 3, 5

Because immune function declines with aging, older adults are more susceptible to infections. A diminished cough reflex reduces the clearance of respiratory secretions and increases the risk for pneumonia. The older adult may produce less sputum due to decreased immune function. Decreased mucociliary clearance reduces the clearance of respiratory secretions and increases the risk for pneumonia. Diminished thirst reflex does not directly contribute to the development of pneumonia in the older patient. Reduced bladder contractility in the older patient would contribute to the development of urinary tract infections.