How were Europeans confronted with new questions of what it means to be human by the wide variety of peoples they encountered?
What will be an ideal response?
A. Questions about humanity
1. discoveries of explorers challenged European notions of what it means
to be human
2. encounters unfolded with a previously unsuspected range of cultures
and civilizations
3. Columbus' observations
a. genuinely torn between conflicting ideas about the Native
Americans
b. natives' ignorance of warfare established their innocent
credentials but also meant they would be easy to conquer
c. nakedness evoked a primitive Eden or an ideal of dependence
on God but also suggested savagery and similarity to beasts
d. rational faculties made them identifiable as human and
exploitable as slaves
4. quest began to understand the diversity of humankind
a. discoveries in the natural world complicated quest
b. as Europeans increasingly got to know the great apes of Africa
and other primates, the problem of where to draw the limits of
humankind grew increasingly puzzling
c. discoveries of the human body
5. problems arose with different new civilizations
a. Aztecs
1. cannibalism and human sacrifice tarnished the record of
a people who otherwise appeared highly "civil"
6. broadening the definition of humankind to include Native Americans
a. Bartolomé de Las Casas was lobbyist and spokesman
b. managed, albeit briefly, to get the Spanish crown to legislate for
Indian rights
c. human sacrifice should be seen rather as evidence of the
misplaced piety of its practitioners
d. new view of history, according to which all peoples were
created equal but passed through various universal stages of
historic development
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Which of the following was a basis for the Second Industrial Revolution?
A) iron B) coal C) textiles D) chemicals
In Southeast Asia, imperialist governments
a. fostered intensive industrial development and were widely successful, as rural peasant percentages had dropped below fifty in Vietnam and Java by 1905. b. established mass educational systems to educate peasant children for citizenship and industrial work. c. practiced a policy of peaceful coexistence. d. often blended direct and indirect rule, with the latter used widely in rural areas such as Malaya. e. contracted with private Asian conglomerates to administer their colonies.
Describe the differences in the arguments of right-leaning New Deal critics with those critics from the political left.
What will be an ideal response?
The fundamental task for Americans at home was to __________
A) absorb new waves of immigrants from Europe and Latin America B) prepare for wars in Asia and Africa C) to provide work for refugees from Europe D) convert from a wartime society back to a peacetime one