A client has the following arterial blood results: pH 7.12, HCO3– 22 mEq/L, PCO2 65 mm Hg, PO2 56 mm Hg. The nurse correlates these values with which clinical situation?
a. Diabetic ketoacidosis in a person with emphysema
b. Tracheal obstruction related to aspiration of a hot dog
c. Anxiety-induced hyperventilation in an adolescent
d. Diarrhea for 36 hours in an older, frail woman
B
Arterial blood gas values indicate that the client is in acidosis and has normal levels of bicarbonate, suggesting that the problem is not metabolic. Arterial concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide are abnormal, with low oxygen and high carbon dioxide levels. Thus, this client has respiratory acidosis from inadequate gas exchange. The fact that the bicarbonate level is normal indicates that this is an acute respiratory problem rather than a chronic problem, because no renal compensation has occurred.
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A nurse is seeing many clients in the neurosurgical clinic. With which clients should the nurse plan to do more teaching? (Select all that apply.)
a. Client with an aneurysm coil placed 2 months ago who is taking ibuprofen (Motrin) for sinus headaches b. Client with an aneurysm clip who states that his family is happy there is no chance of recurrence c. Client who had a coil procedure who says that there will be no problem following up for 1 year d. Client who underwent a flow diversion procedure 3 months ago who is taking docusate sodium (Colace) for constipation e. Client who underwent surgical aneurysm ligation 3 months ago who is planning to take a Caribbean cruise
The nurse is providing pre-operative teaching to the anxious patient, who doesn't seem to be learning. What need must the nurse help this patient meet before continuing to teach?
1. Self-esteem 2. Love and belonging 3. Safety 4. Self-actualization
The nurse encourages a 65-year-old female patient to get a cholesterol study because the best indicator of possible heart disease in women is
A) low levels of high-density lipoprotein. B) low levels of triglycerides. C) high levels of high-density lipoprotein. D) low levels of low-density lipoprotein.
In order to calculate fluid needs for a patients in the oliguric phase of acute renal failure, it is important to know the patients
a. body weight. b. energy intake. c. serum sodium level. d. amount of output.