How can organisms with the same phenotype have different genotypes and vice versa, and what is the
significance?
What will be an ideal response?
Phenotypic variation can be caused by genetic differences between individuals, by the environmental
differences that individuals experience, or be the result an interaction between genetics and the
environment. However, only genetically based variation is subject to evolutionary change. Therefore,
phenotypic variation as a result of environmental variation is not passed on to offspring. As a result,
one cannot assume a difference in phenotype is necessarily genetically based. Only by examining
phenotypes in variable environments can we know if the phenotypic variation is genetically based.
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A bacterial cell containing an F factor is a threonine prototroph. Conjugation occurs with an F– threonine auxotrophic cell. The exconjugant cell can grow on medium lacking threonine. Where was the F factor in the donor cell?
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