What happens during protein catabolism? How is this related to nitrogen balance?
Protein catabolism is the breakdown of proteins by cellular proteases and peptidases into constituent amino acids. These amino acids can be either reused for protein synthesis (anabolism) or broken down via deamination and used to make glucose or directly used in the citric acid cycle to make ATP. Deamination removes the nitrogen group from the amino acid, which is then excreted as urea. This results in a negative nitrogen balance.
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