The key sign(s) of aortic stenosis are:
A. Syncope
B. Dyspnea
C. Angina
D. All of the above
ANS: D
Syncope, angina, and dyspnea (remembered with the acronym SAD) on exertion are the classic symptoms of aortic stenosis. If syncope occurs with exertion, the aortic stenosis is typically severe. Angina may be present because of decreased perfusion of the left ventricle due to LVH rather than CAD, but both exist in many cases.
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