Explain how the resting membrane potential and resting ion distributions are established in a neuron
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A resting membrane potential of ?70 mV is established due to the unequal distribution of ions across
the neuron plasma membrane. Na+/K+ pumps accumulate Na+ outside the plasma membrane and K+
inside the plasma membrane, while the presence of negatively charged anions inside the cell give the
inside of the plasma membrane an overall negative charge relative to the outside.
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Diets that include complex carbohydrates instead of simple carbohydrates are recommended because sugar is released more slowly into the body
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Type 1 fucosidosis is a rare human disease. Patients cannot hydrolyze the disaccharide fucose, and as a result have severe neurological decline and die by age 6. The disease is due to a defect in the gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme that breaks down fucose (?-1-fucosidase), and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Jane and John have a child who has Type 1 fucosidosis. What is the probability that their next child will also have the disease?
A. 1/2 B. 4/4 or 100% C. 1/4 D. No chance E. 3/4
Discuss why nearly all larger animals have circulatory systems, and describe the differences between the open circulatory system and the closed circulatory system
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Which of the following is NOT true of horizontal gene transfer?
A. It increases genetic diversity for a species. B. It occurs when genes are transferred from parent to progeny. C. It has important implications for inferring phylogeny. D. It can occur through endosymbiosis. E. It occurs commonly in bacteria.