To crack the genetic code, researchers introduced synthetic messenger RNAs into in vitro translation systems and determined which proteins were produced from these synthetic mRNAs. mRNAs consisting of poly-UUC led to production of three different proteins: poly-Phe, poly-Ser, and poly-Leu. What best explains this result?

A. Each codon codes for several different amino acids.
B. Each amino acid is specified by several codons.
C. Transcription started at three different places.
D. The synthetic mRNA was read in all three reading frames.


Ans: D. The synthetic mRNA was read in all three reading frames.

Biology & Microbiology

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The heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a pseudocoelom, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heartworm belong?

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Biology & Microbiology