Describe four different perspectives, i.e., normative philosophies, with respect to the utilization of technology in schools and the educational philosophy, or philosophies, to which each is most closely related

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Normative philosophies with respect to the use of technology in schools include the following: First, some view educational technology as a tool for producing technologically literate citizens. Consistent with essentialist educational philosophy, this view suggests that students should be taught technological skills such as word processing the use of spreadsheets, presentation software such as PowerPoint, and the ability to access information on the Internet. This perspective suggests that you should teach your students technology skills and provide them with sufficient practice to allow these essential skills to develop.
A second perspective suggests that technology should be used as a tool for delivering information. This perspective grew out of a movement that began in the 1930s when experts proposed that media such as slides and films should be used to deliver information in more concrete and effective ways than could be done with books and lectures. This view of educational technology continues to be prominent today, as evidenced by the popularity of PowerPoint presentations and also when technology is used to teach ideas that are difficult to illustrate directly. This perspective on educational technology borrows from both essentialist and progressivist educational philosophies.
A third normative philosophy suggests that technology should be used as an instructional system. This perspective suggests that technology can be used to effectively deliver instruction and literally replace teachers. Because this view suggests it has the potential to make our instruction more effective, technology complements both perennialist and essentialist philosophies, which stress the importance of knowledge acquisition. It also is consistent with progressive philosophies because it emphasizes the integration of technology into classrooms and our lives. If students are going to learn how to use technology efficiently and wisely, they need to see this happen in the classroom.
A final perspective views technology as a communication tool and agent of social change. Consistent with progressivist philosophy, this view sees a major role for schools in helping students understand the role of technology in their lives. Technology is also being seen as a vehicle for social change as indicated by events, such as the "Arab Spring" of 2011 . This view sees technology as a tool for improving the human condition, and, as such, it is consistent with a social reconstructionist educational philosophy.