A client has been prescribed hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, to control high blood pressure. While educating the client about the actions of the medication, the nurse will mention which of the following actions? Select all that apply
A) Blocks Na+ reabsorption in distal tubules
B) Establishes a high concentration of osmotically active particles
C) Increases active reabsorption of Ca++ into the blood
D) Juxtamedullary vasoconstriction, which controls water movement
E) Establishes a high concentration of K+ within the cell
Ans: A, C
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The thiazide diuretics, which are widely used to treat disorders such as hypertension, exert their action by blocking sodium reabsorption in this segment of the renal tubules, while enhancing the active reabsorption of calcium into the blood via the calcium–sodium exchange transport mechanism. For this reason, thiazide diuretics have proved useful in reducing the incidence of calcium kidney stones in persons with hypercalciuria. ATPase pump maintains a low sodium concentration inside the cell by moving sodium down its concentration into the cell through special sodium channels. The pump also establishes a high concentration of potassium within the cell, causing it to diffuse down its concentration gradient across the luminal membrane into the tubular fluid.
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