Human microbe summary
What will be an ideal response?
•Opportunistic microbes can create disease (oral cavity)
•Native microbes can contribute to chronic conditions (e.g. gastric ulcers)
•Our gut microbiome also plays a major role in our nutrition and prevention of disease.
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Agrobacterium infects plants and causes them to form tumors. You are asked to determine how long a plant must be exposed to these bacteria to become infected. Which of the following experiments will provide the best data to address that question?
A) Determine the survival rate of Agrobacterium when exposed to different concentrations of an antibiotic. B) Measure the number of tumors formed on a plant when exposed to various concentrations of Agrobacterium. C) Measure the concentration of Agrobacterium in different soil environments where the plants grow. D) Measure the number of tumors formed on plants, which are exposed to Agrobacterium for different lengths of time.
A mycologist visits your biology class and discusses her research on a particular fungus that lives on the bark of damaged spruce trees. She explains that the fungal hyphae of her research organism is heterokaryotic. You raise your hand and request that she define that word. Her correct response is
A. heterokaryotic means that the nuclei of the fungal hyphae are genetically the same. B. heterokaryotic means that the nuclei of each compartment of the hyphae are genetically distinct. C. heterokaryotic means that each compartment of the hyphae contain two distinct nuclei. D. heterokaryotic means that each compartment of the hyphae contains only one nucleus.
You are studying an individual with very low levels of insulin in her blood. Further analysis indicates that cells of her pancreas are producing normal levels of this protein, but it is accumulating in the cytoplasm rather than being secreted from the cells. Which hypothesis makes the most sense to explain this observation?
A. A chromosomal segment that includes the gene for insulin has been inverted. B. A missense mutation has altered the ribosome-binding sequence at the 5' end of the mRNA. C. A small deletion has removed the nucleotides that code for the signal sequence at the amino terminus of the protein. D. A two-base deletion near the middle of the gene has altered the reading frame during translation of the protein. E. A missense mutation has caused premature termination during translation of this protein.
Digested fats are packaged into ________, which are too big to enter blood capillaries and so have to diffuse into lacteals, where fats enter the lymph and are transported within the lymphatic system
A) micelles B) chyme C) chylomicrons D) bile salts E) lipases