A group of nursing students are giving a report on the emergence of drug-resistant microbial agents. What could the students cite as a good way to minimize the emergence of drug-resistant microbial agents? (Select all that apply.)
A) Avoid the use of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs when treating trivial or viral infections.
B) Use narrow-spectrum agents if they are thought to be effective.
C) Do not use vancomycin unnecessarily.
D) Antibiotics are best started before the culture and sensitivity report returns.
E) Administer the smallest effective dosage available.
A, B, C
Feedback:
Exposure to an antimicrobial agent leads to the development of resistance, so it is important to limit the use of antimicrobial agents to the treatment of specific pathogens known to be sensitive to the drug being used. Drug dosage is important in preventing the development of resistance. Doses should be high enough and the duration of drug therapy should be long enough to eradicate even slightly resistant microorganisms. It is best to wait until cultures return before initiating antibiotics when possible, but patients with severe infections may be started on broad¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ -spectrum antibiotics while waiting for culture results.
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