The Estelle decision established a test to determine whether treatment given by prison officials was so insufficient as to constitute cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the ______ Amendment.

a. First
b. Fourth
c. Fifth
d. Eighth


d. Eighth

Criminal Justice

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The grand jury

A. Requires the prosecutor's concurrence to charge a defendant B. Typically issue subpoenas on their own authority C. Requires a two-thirds vote to indict a defendant D. Is guaranteed to the states by the U.S. Constitution

Criminal Justice

Organizational structures are established to designate how work is to be divided among the various components of the establishment

Regardless of what basis is used for this division—whether work is apportioned according to function performed, as in laboratory; by area, as in a system of precincts, geographic divisions, or beats; by clientele handled, as in youth activities or juvenile offenses; or by purpose, as in public relations activities, traffic control, etc.—the division must be: a. Logical and practicable b. Logical and personal c. Lackluster and practicable d. Legal and practicable

Criminal Justice

Which of the following could be described as the overriding objective of antitrust law?

a. Protect the interests of corporate trusts b. Abolish monopolies and insure competition. c. Regulate the manner in which monopolies operate d. Abolish any governmental interference in the market

Criminal Justice

All states have abolished common law crimes

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice