The circulatory system of cephalopods is closed, whereas that of all other mollusks is open. Explain the difference
between open and closed circulatory systems, and describe how each system is adequate for the groups possessing it. What will be an ideal response?
Concepts to Consider: An open circulatory system does not rely on a system of blood
vessels to transport circulatory fluids from one area to another. Rather, circulatory fluids
bathe the coelom and move via the body movements of the animal. In contrast, a closed
system uses blood vessels to transport fluids in the body. An open system suites sluggish
mollusks such as gastropods and bivalves because they have low metabolic requirements and
can make do with the inefficiencies of an open circulatory system. In cephalopods, a closed
system is needed to ensure efficient transport of oxygen and metabolites around the body, as
these animals have high metabolic requirements.
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Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
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Pasteurization of milk helps to prevent ________.
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Which grouping includes all of the protists?
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