How might supplemental vitamin E adversely affect physically active people?
What will be an ideal response?
Does vitamin E supplementation protect against exercise-induced oxidative stress? Some studies find that it does; others show no effect, and still others report enhanced oxidative stress. Recent research may offer some insight into these inconsistencies. Although free radicals are usually damaging, during repeated episodes of endurance activities, they may actually be beneficial. Free radicals activate powerful antioxidant enzymes, which may enhance the athlete's tolerance to oxidative stresses. Researchers speculate that antioxidant supplements such as vitamin E interfere with this protective adaptation. This may explain why, in some studies, athletes taking vitamin E show signs of increased oxidative stress. Clearly, more research is needed on supplements, but in the meantime, active people can benefit by using vitamin E–rich vegetable oils and eating generous servings of antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables regularly. Beta-carotene and vitamin C in fruits and vegetables, as well as many of the phytochemicals in these foods, are also potent antioxidants.
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JB is a 53-year-old male who has recently divorced. He has experienced periods of depression and decreased appetite. His family reports a history of heavy drinking habits and a 15 kg weight loss. He was previously diagnosed with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Paracentesis and TIPS procedures were performed. JB's condition seems to have worsened; he complains of stomach pains, nausea, and vomiting at times. His abdomen is sore to touch and feels swollen. JB has developed ascites and pedal edema. His urinary output has decreased, and he continues to lose weight. JB also complains of pain when swallowing food. Because of JB's persistent symptoms, he's been admitted to a hospital. A referral to the SLP for an MBS was also ordered and resulted in dysphagia for which pureed diet was recommended. On day 2, JB still complains of nausea and no per os intake has been reported. The MD prescribed a dietary consultation. An RD is required to assess the patient and recommend alternate means of nutrition support, currently NPO. Ht: 5'11" Wt: 145 # UBW: 163# Dx: End-stage liver cirrhosis, dysphagiaPMH: alcoholic cirrhosis, portal hypertension Labs:Na: 134 Cl: 101 BUN: 4 Alb: 2.3 TG: 305 Transferrin: 101 NH4: 53 Glu: 139 AST: 45 ALT 48 Alk Phos: 40 Bilirubin: 2.1K: 5.2 CO2: 25 Cr: 1.8 H/H: 11/35 Diet: NPOMeds: Neomycin, Aldactone, Lasix, Reglan How would the registered dietitian determine JB's caloric needs in this situation? A. 15–20 kcal/kg IBW B. 20–25 kcal/kg IBW C. 25–30 kcal/kg IBW D. 30–35 kcal/kg current body weight E. 35–40 kcal/kg current body weight
Scones contain ___________, which make(s) them richer than ordinary biscuits.
A. eggs and milk B. sugar and fat C. baking powder and salt D. brown sugar and butter E. water
What is the most reliable dietary source of zinc?
A) ?nuts and oils B) ?milk and yogurt C) ?fruits and vegetables D) ?meats and whole-grain cereals
The DRI suggest that linoleic acid provide ____________________ of the daily energy intake and linolenic acid ____________________
Fill in the blank with correct word