The patient is scheduled to receive a blood transfusion. Preadministration laboratory tests are run to assess the level of which component in the patient's blood?
a. Sodium (Na)
b. Calcium (Ca)
c. Potassium (K)
d. Iron (Fe)
C
When blood is stored, there is continual destruction of RBCs, which releases potassium from the cells into the plasma. If blood is transfused rapidly, transient elevated potassium levels may occur before the potassium is reabsorbed and put the patient at risk.
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The nurse is performing a respiratory assessment of a patient who has been experiencing episodes of hypoxia. The nurse is aware that this is ultimately attributable to impaired gas exchange. On what factor does adequate gas exchange primarily depend?
A) An appropriate perfusion–diffusion ratio B) An adequate ventilation–perfusion ratio C) Adequate diffusion of gas in shunted blood D) Appropriate blood nitrogen concentration
A patient's decreased mobility is ultimately the result of an autoimmune reaction originating in the synovial tissue, which caused the formation of pannus. This patient has been diagnosed with what health problem?
A) Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) B) Systemic lupus erythematosus C) Osteoporosis D) Polymyositis
Which of the following nursing diagnoses would be MOST appropriate for a client with Guillain-Barré syndrome?
a. Ineffective breathing pattern related to loss of respiratory muscle function b. Risk for injury related to inability to perceive danger in the environment, confusion, impaired judgment, and weakness c. Pain related to pressure on the brain d. Altered thought processes related to neuron degeneration and sleep deprivation
The urge to defecate is caused by:
a. constriction of the internal sphincter. b. the rectum filling with feces. c. cognitive processes. d. fluid volume in the stomach.