Both the evolutionary perspective and the sociocultural perspective focus on cross-cultural research. How do these two perspectives differ in their focus on culture? Why do they take different approaches to cross-cultural research?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The major difference is that evolutionary theorists focus more on cultural universals, whereas cross-cultural researchers emphasize differences. They do this primarily because they look to different kinds of explanations for social behavior (universal versus culture-specific).
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What is Freud's term for the part of the personality that has a realistic plan for obtaining gratification of an individual's desires?
A. Id B. Ego C. Superego D. Preconscious
Suppose that you are taking a course in geometry. You are trying to determine whether two geometric shapes are identical, so you mentally rotate one of the figures in a clockwise fashion. You are likely to find that
a. you will not be very accurate in this task, because mental imagery is very poor for geometric figures. b. you will take more time than if you had to rotate the figure in a 3-dimensional plane (e.g., away from you). c. you will rotate the figure more quickly than if you had to rotate it in a counterclockwise fashion. d. you will take longer to rotate it 120? than 40?.
The statement, "A pleasant fragrance increases ratings of job applicants because the scent creates a positive emotional state in the interviewer" is an example of a:
a. Law b. Description of behavior. c. Prediction of behavior. d. Theory of behavior.
_______________ combine elements of behaviorism with research on thoughts, values, expectations, and intentions and believe that people learn not only by adapting their behavior to the environment, but also by observing and imitating others
a. Cognitive researchers b. Sociocultural psychologists c. Biological psychologists d. Social-cognitive learning theorists