List the three directions of communication and describe the types of communication that occur in each. Explain one problem that can occur in each direction
a. Downward communication. Information flows from a supervisor to an employee. Downward communication includes information about job performance, daily operations, and other organizational business. One major problem is that managers tend to simply assume that their audiences receive and thoroughly understand their messages.
b. Upward communication. Information flows from an employee to a supervisor or to someone else with higher authority. Upward communication includes statistics and information that is requested by upper management for decision making. Also included are employee suggestions and grievances. Suggestions aren't also well received by upper management.
c. Lateral communication. Information flows horizontally among individuals of generally equal status. Employees may coordinate work, share plans and activities, negotiate differences, and develop interpersonal support. It may be challenging to influence people without management authority over them.
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