Briefly explain the differences between cellular respiration and fermentation. How do these processes differ in terms of energy output for the cell?
What will be an ideal response?
Cellular respiration begins in the cytoplasm of a cell (glycolysis) and continues within the mitochondria (the transition reaction, citric acid cycle, and electron transport system). A total of 36 ATP molecules is produced by this metabolic pathway. Fermentation involves the breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm (glycolysis), producing lactic acid in eukaryotes. Only two ATP molecules are produced in this pathway, both of which are generated in glycolysis. Cellular respiration requires oxygen; fermentation does not.
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Which of the following happens in the first stage of the Calvin cycle?
a. RuBP is generated. b. An organic molecule is reduced. c. RuBisCO incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule. d. RuBP incorporates carbon dioxide into an organic molecule.
A number of ____________ cover the rough ER. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s)
Stem cells are _____
a. unspecialized b. specialized c. unable to divide d. always pluripotent e. only found in embryos
Which group of plants have phloem and xylem, seeds, flowers, and fruit and in many cases require animals for reproduction?
A. liverworts, hornworts, and mosses B. ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns C. ginkgo, cycads, conifers, and gnetophytes D. monocots and eudicots E. All plants