Which brainstem centers generate the respiratory pace?
A) respiratory rhythmicity centers in the pons
B) apneustic centers and pneumotaxic centers
C) higher centers in the hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebral cortex
D) respiratory rhythmicity centers in the medulla oblongata
E) pneumotaxic centers and ventral respiratory group
Answer: D
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The myocardium receives about 5% of circulating blood even though the heart is only 0.5% of total body weight. Which of the statements below is most closely related to this fact?
A. The myocardium of the left ventricle is strikingly thick because it serves to pump blood to all tissues. B. The left coronary artery supplies both ventricles and the left atrium. C. The coronary arteries carry more blood during ventricular diastole than they do during ventricular systole. D. There are several arterial anastomoses in coronary circulation. E. Cardiocytes have large mitochondria that make up about 25% of cell volume.
Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the body?
A. Protection B. Bulk in feces C. Structural component of DNA D. Energy E. Structural component of RNA
Passage of a bolus through the oesophagus into the stomach is facilliated by which of the following?
(a) peristaltic acitvity of the esophageal muscularis externa (b) peristaltic activity of the gastric muscularis mucosae (c) reflux through the pahryngo eosophagal sphincter (d) smooth muscle in the eosophagal muscularis mucosae (e) refluc through the gastroeosophagal sphincter
Astrocytes are NOT involved in ________.
A. formation the blood-brain barrier B. uptake of NT from a synapse C. stimulation or inhibition neurons D. formation of synapses in the CNS E. breakdown and engulfment of foreign material in the CNS