Which of the following nutritional interventions is a priority for the patient with renal disease who is receiving dialysis?
a. Increase fluids to replace losses.
b. Encourage potassium-rich foods to replace losses.
c. Ensure an adequate amount of protein to prevent catabolism.
d. Limit all nutrients to account for altered renal excretion.
C
Proteins and amino acids are removed during peritoneal dialysis, creating a greater nutritional requirement for protein. The renal patient must receive an adequate amount of protein to prevent catabolism of body tissues to meet energy needs. Approximately 1 .5 to 2.0 g protein/kg/day is required. Certain nutrients such as potassium and phosphorus are restricted because they are excreted by the kidney. The patient has no specific requirement for the fat-soluble vitamins A, E, and K because they are not removed in appreciable amounts by dialysis, and restriction generally prevents development of toxicity.
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A 4-year-old has acute glomerulonephritis, and is admitted to the hospital. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for this child would be:
1. Injury, risk for related to loss of blood in urine. 2. Fluid Volume Excess related to decreased plasma filtration. 3. Infection, risk for related to hypertension. 4. Altered Growth and Development related to a chronic disease.
A nurse upholds a client's right to make a choice and to act on the choice. Which of the follow-ing best describes the action being taken by the nurse?
a. Affirming b. Supporting c. Informing d. Amplifying
When a child with transposition of the greater vessels is assessed, the nurse should anticipate that:
1. The lower extremities will have bounding pulses. 2. Cyanosis will be noted when the child is sleeping on his/her back. 3. An ASD murmur will be present. 4. The oxygen saturations in the upper extremities will be lower than the oxygen saturations in the lower extremities.
The outermost avascular layer of the skin is the ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).