An example of negative reinforcement is:
a. putting coins in a broken soft drink machine.
b. giving bonuses to workers even when they fail to excel.
c. nagging a spouse to stop smoking.
d. spanking a child to make him or her stop using expletives.
ANS: C
FEEDBACK: Negative reinforcement is not the same as punishment. A negative reinforcer is an aversive or noxious stimulus, the removal of which is rewarding. We can see examples of negative reinforcement in everyday situations. A person may stop smoking to avoid the aversive stimulus of a nagging spouse or colleague. The aversive stimulus (the nagging) should cease when the desirable behavior (not lighting a cigarette in the home or office) is displayed.
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Which of the following is true of ability tests other than the Binet and Wechsler tests?
a. Nearly all yield scores that are directly comparable to the results of the Binet and/or Wechsler tests. b. Nearly all are very easy to administer and require only brief training. c. Because most focus on the needs of children with disabilities, they are nearly all non-verbal and require simple responses. d. While some focus on a wide range of abilities, most focus on a narrow range.
Conception results in the immediate creation of a(n)
a. embryo. b. neonate. c. fetus. d. zygote.
When Klatzky gave participants 100 common objects to touch and identify, she found that ______.
A. most participants were unable to identify a significant percentage of the objects by touch alone B. despite not being able to see the objects, most participants were nearly 100% accurate at identifying the objects from touch alone C. in order for the participants to identify the objects by touch, the participants needed to keep the object perfectly still D. participants lost their ability to identify objects by touch if they had an impairment of one of the other senses
Central deafness refers to hearing problems that originate in the
a) outer ear. b) inner ear. c) outer and middle ear. d) auditory pathways and brain.