What are Types of Lineups?
What will be an ideal response?
The type of lineup used by most police departments across the nation is the simultaneous lineup. In this lineup, the eyewitness views all the people or photos at the same time. In comparison, a sequential lineup involves people or photographs that are presented to the witness one at a time.
In either model, the lineup administrator can be blind— meaning he or she does not know the identity of the suspect— or non-blind—meaning the administrator knows the identity of the suspect. However, in a “double-blind” lineup, neither the officer administering the lineup nor the witness knows the identity of the suspect, so there is no way the officer administering the lineup can influence the witness in any way.
Researcher Gary Wells argues, however, that during simultaneous lineups, wit- nesses use relative judgment. This means that they compare lineup photographs or members with each other rather than to their memory of the offender. This is a problem when the perpetrator is not present in the lineup because the witness will often choose the lineup member who most closely resembles their recollection of the perpetrator.
On the other hand, during sequential lineups, witnesses must make a decision about each photograph or member before moving on to the next, prompting them to use absolute judgment. In other words, witnesses compare each photograph or person only with their memory of what the offender looked like.
Photo Lineups The photo line-up is a commonly used investigative technique to identify suspects. When used improperly, however, innocent persons can be singled out for prosecution. Multiple-photo procedures are preferable. The photos may be shown individually, one at a time, or displayed simultaneously in a book or array.
Physical Lineups The lineup, if properly conducted, is significantly less suggestive than the show-up and hence is generally far preferable.
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What will be an ideal response?