The tendency of an electrolyte to diffuse between two compartments depends on _______.

a) an electrical gradient
b) ATP concentration in the cell
c) an electrochemical gradient
d) a chemical gradient


Ans: c) an electrochemical gradient

Biology & Microbiology

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Many of the genes in the chloroplast genome encode proteins involved in ________, whereas mitochondrial genomes primarily encode proteins involved in ________

A) autotrophy / DNA replication B) photosynthesis / glycolysis C) autotrophy / glycolysis D) photosynthesis / oxidative phosphorylation

Biology & Microbiology

Mismatch repair, base excision repair, and nucleotide excision repair are similar in that (select all that apply):

A. each repairs a single mismatched base. B. each repairs a short strand of mismatched nucleotides. C. each repairs multiple mismatched or damaged bases across a region. D. each uses an undamaged segment of DNA as the template to repair a damaged segment of DNA. E. none of these.

Biology & Microbiology

The last protein in a signaling pathway is called the ____

a. target protein b. final acceptor c. electron acceptor d. second messenger e. effector protein

Biology & Microbiology

Over 90% of the worldwide deaths from malaria in 2011 occurred in:

a. Africa b. India c. Mexico d. Southeast Asia e. South America

Biology & Microbiology