Vito is the leader of a group of thugs who are involved in a wide range of criminal activity ranging from drug sales to trafficking in stolen goods. One day, Vito tells gang member Michael, "Our rival gang is bringing in a load of cocaine tonight
I want you and the other boys to go steal it. Don't get anyone hurt." In response to Vito's directions Michael, Tom, and Sonny lay a trap for the rival gang. When the rival gang members show up with the cocaine, Michael, Tom, and Sonny surprise them. Without warning, Sonny starts shooting. He kills each of the rival gang members. The three depart with the cocaine. When they report back to Vito he says, "I told you not to hurt anyone." Relative to the murder of the rival gang members:
A) Vito has committed criminal solicitation but no other offense.
B) Vito can be held criminally responsible for their deaths because of the Pinkerton Rule.
C) Michael, Tom, and Sonny, but not Vito, can be held criminally responsible for the deaths because they were present at the scene.
D) only Sonny can be held criminally responsible for their deaths because he acted on his own initiative.
B
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Which of the following is not a generally recognized canon of statutory construction?
A. If possible, a statute is to be construed as constitutional. B. Criminal law statutes are to be construed broadly to include as many people and behaviors as possible. C. The plain meaning of statutes is to be enforced unless the result is absurd. D. In a criminal case, ambiguous language in statutes is to read in the defendant’s favor.
Between 2007 to 2011, the rate of marijuana use increased by
A. 10%. B. 1%. C. 7%. D. 24%.
The crime scene sketch method selected is determined by the patrol officer in charge at the scene
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
__________ is an academic discipline that makes use of scientific methods to study the nature, extent, cause, and control of criminal behavior.
a. Criminology b. Sociology c. Psychology d. Criminal Justice