Patients experiencing emotional or physical pain may exhibit similar signs, such as a pained facial expression. Which sign is most likely to indicate emotional pain rather than physical pain?
a. labored breathing and speech, wheezing, and shortness of breath
b. facial grimacing, crying, and moaning
c. diaphoresis, tachycardia, and physical protection of the painful area
d. excessive nail-biting, tearfulness, and avoidance of eye contact
D
Signs of emotional pain or anxiety may include, but are not limited to, tearfulness; nervous tics or laughter; avoidance of eye contact; cold, clammy hands; excessive nail-biting; inability to pay attention; autonomic responses such as diaphoresis or changes in breathing patterns; lack of interest; and sad affect. Physical pain is exhibited by labored breathing and speech, wheezing, and shortness of breath; facial grimacing; crying; moaning; diaphoresis; and physical protection of a body part.
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A client asks the RN why it is more difficult to use a bedpan for defecating than sitting on the toilet. Which would be the nurse's best response?
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