How pathogenic are alpha toxin–containing clostridia compared to those lacking it, and why?
a. They are less pathogenic, because the alpha toxin is quickly recognized by the immune system, which subsequently rids the body of the pathogen.
b. They are less pathogenic, because the beta toxin is more toxic and the clostridia produce only one or the other.
c. They are more pathogenic, because the toxin enables the clostridia to lyse healthy human cells and grow/spread further.
d. They are more pathogenic, because the toxin is a protective molecule that enablesthem to hide from immune cells.
Answer: C
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The observation that different geographical areas sometimes exhibit plant and animal communities of similar appearance, even though the individual plants and animals are not closely related, is called
A. the fossil record. B. homology. C. convergent evolution. D. divergent evolution. E. adaptation.
Members of the ____ subphylum are now all extinct, but they were extremely numerous in shallow Paleozoic seas
Most of them were dorsoventrally flattened and heavily armored, with two deep longitudinal grooves that gave their body a three-lobed appearance.
a. Myriapoda b. Trilobita c. Chelicerata d. Hexapoda e. Crustacea
CFCs are the primary air pollutants that destroy the ________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Which p-value would be considered statistically significant?
A. p < .5 B. p < .7 C. p < .07 D. p < .05