What are the steps involved in B cell activation?
What will be an ideal response?
B cell activation involves many steps. First, antigen-presenting cells present antigenic determinants to Th cells that have complementary binding sites to the presented antigen. Next, Th cells differentiate into Th2 cells. Then, clonal selection takes place, where only the B cells with BCRs complementary to the antigenic determinants will be recognized. When a BCR on the surface of an unactivated B cell binds its epitope, the BCR-antigen complex is endocytosed, and the B cell then displays the epitope on MHC, behaving as an antigen presenting cell. A complementary Th2 cell binds to the B cell by recognizing its antigenic determinant-MHC II complex and then secretes IL-4, which activates the B cell to proliferate rapidly and produce memory cells and plasma cells.
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A true breeding line of green pod pea plants is crossed with a true-breeding line of yellow pod plants. All of their offspring have green pods. From this information, it can be stated that the green color is _____ to the yellow color
A. Recessive B. Dominant C. Subservient D. Blended E. None of the answers are correct
In a dihybrid testcross, the individual being examined is crossed to which of the following?
A. An individual who is homozygous dominant for one trait but not the other B. Self-fertilized C. An individual who is homozygous recessive for both traits D. An individual who is heterozygous for both traits
Precipitation reactions depend on
A. the antigen having one epitope. B. the antibody having one epitope. C. the antigen having two or more epitopes. D. the antigen having no epitopes.
During replication, the direction of synthesis of new DNA from the leading and lagging strands is
A) 5' to 3' only. B) 3' to 5' only. C) from left to right only. D) both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5'. E) different, depending on whether the cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic.