At an educational session for patients with HIV infection and their support persons, the nurse is asked, "If the incidence of AIDS has declined, why is it that its prevalence has increased?" The nurse can explain this by responding:
a. "This is a statistical aberration; don't let it confuse you."
b. "More people are living longer with both HIV infection and AIDS."
c. "Delays in diagnosis and treatment contribute to the increased death rate."
d. "Transmission to vulnerable populations has affected AIDS surveillance data."
ANS: B
The incidence of AIDS began to decline only recently; however, HAART has prolonged the interval between HIV infection and development of AIDS and has reduced deaths from AIDS. Consequently, the number of people living with AIDS has increased. This situation is not an aberration. Discussing diagnosis delays has no bearing on the issue. The comment about surveillance data is unsupported by evidence.
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A patient who is 7 months pregnant with her first child is visiting the health care provider for her scheduled prenatal checkup. She tells the nurse that she is short of breath and fatigued. What is the best response from the nurse?
a. "You should have let us know immediately instead of waiting until your appointment." b. "I'll make a note of it on your chart." c. "That is normal; your uterus is causing pressure on your diaphragm, making it more difficult to breathe." d. "Oxygen is needed for you and the baby. I will give you some oxygen to help you."
A pregnant teenager has arrived at a free clinic seeking care. She has had no prenatal care and is currently 27 weeks' gestation
Upon testing for a sexually transmitted disease (STD), it is found that she has active T. pallidum (syphilis). Given the fact that she has active syphilis at this stage in her pregnancy, it is very likely her fetus is at risk for: Select all that apply. A) being born prematurely. B) congenital defects. C) unstable blood glucose levels. D) cyanosis in limbs after delivery. E) blindness.
Your patient was admitted after a fall in her home. After measuring the patient's legs, you determine that her left leg is 4.5 cm shorter than her right leg. This difference most likely indicates
a. a finding within normal limits. b. a hip fracture with displacement of the proximal femur. c. dislocation of the hip. d. flexion contractures of the hip.
When discussing contraceptive options, which method would the nurse recommend as being the most reliable?
A) Coitus interruptus B) Lactational amenorrheal method (LAM) C) Natural family planning D) Intrauterine system