Which of the following refers to the degree to which you believe that you are capable of completing a specific goal?
A. self-efficacy
B. self-comparison
C. self-esteem
D. self-awareness
Answer: A
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According to the Monitoring the Future study, low-income black and Hispanic students spent longer hours working outside school than higher-income white and Asian American students, yet were less likely than the latter to show negative outcomes such as substance use and declining grades. Interviews with the students indicated a possible reason for this finding, which is that the low-income students __________.
A. typically seek to earn spending money rather than helping out their families B. were more likely to view both job and school as part of their long-term goals, such as saving money to go to college C. were less mature and hence less likely to get into trouble on the job D. were less able to balance work hours with schoolwork
Which one of the following statements best describes cognitive dissonance theory?
a. "People don't like to be hypocrites." b. "People are very stubborn about holding onto their attitudes." c. "People have a hard time seeing things from others' perspective." d. "People prefer others who share their opinions and attitudes."
According to a study of 800 college students, which personality trait may predict volunteering?
A. introversion B. agreeableness C. apprehension D. empathy
The starting behavior that is used in shaping is:
a. a behavior that is already occurring b. an approximation of the target behavior c. A and B d. none of the above