Under most state statutes, the prosecutor needs to prove two things to get a hate crime conviction. Which is not one of the two requirements?
a. The offender committed the crime.
b. The offender profited from the crime.
c. The crime was committed because of the victim's personal characteristics.
b.
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Noting the time and date for an IP address associated with a criminal act is vital to prosecuting the crime because:
a. An IP address can only exist in one place at a time b. An IP address will be tracked in a computer's Internet history c. IP addresses will be deleted from a computer's Internet history d. IP addresses are rented or can be dynamically assigned to many different people throughout a given day
The equivalent in the juvenile system of being "arrested" in the adult system is referred to as ____________.
A. formal processing B. being detained C. taken into custody D. direct intake
Labeling theory contends that punishment can sometimes lead to more crime
a. TRUE b. FALSE
Officers who are unlikely to learn from their mistakes or change their style of policing and tend to be the subject of a disproportionate number of citizen complaints are known as:
a. Mistaken apples b. Dysfunctional apples c. Borderline apples d. Rotten apples