Which sign(s) and symptom(s) is/are consistent with dehydration? (Select all that apply.)
a. Increased hemoglobin and hematocrit
b. Decreased urine specific gravity
c. Mental confusion and excessive thirst
d. Periorbital edema and increased blood pressure
e. Nonelastic skin turgor and delayed capillary filling
ANS: A, C, E
Blood work of dehydrated patients will show falsely elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit levels as a result of decreased capillary fluid. Dehydrated patients may become confused as a result of electrolyte imbalances and often complain of thirst. Older patients may not complain of thirst as a result of perceptual changes. Dehydration is evident by nonelastic skin turgor and delayed capillary filling.
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