Students with low scores on a commercial reading achievement test were used in a study designed to determine the effectiveness of a new method of teaching fifth-grade reading. There were no other control or comparison groups. It was found that the students' test scores improved over the following six-month period. The conclusion that the new method was effective with the low-scoring group is unjustified due to other possible factors or influences. Which of the following is another reason that makes this conclusion unjustified?
A. The classes using the new method were all from one school, which would allow the operation of extraneous variables.
B. There was no indication of the Hawthorne effect.
C. There was too small a number of experimental variables being studied to permit an adequate analysis of relationships.
D. There was no control for maturation as a threat.
Answer: D
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