How are clandestine drug laboratory operations identified?
What will be an ideal response?
Clandestine laboratory operations are typically identified in one of four ways. In some instances, fire departments responding to the scene of a fire or explosion find evidence of laboratory operations. Positive determinations, however, depend on the ability of emergency service personnel to recognize the type of substances and equipment typically used in such operations. Therefore, these personnel must be trained in identification of clandestine lab operations. Since fire departments should be close at hand during police raids of drug laboratories, responsible personnel from both agencies should develop a working relationship in dealing with problems that arise from these types of operations.
Evidence of drug laboratory operations may also be generated through informants. Laboratory operators who are attempting to establish operations in a new community often need to determine sources for the purchase of specific chemicals. Plans for development of a lab and related involvement of suppliers or distributors frequently are revealed by confidential informants and intelligence gathered from arrestees.
The community at large may also provide valuable tips on laboratory operations on the basis of observations of unusual activities or circumstances. Many drug labs operate in urban or suburban residential communities where citizens who are alerted to the common signs of laboratory operations can provide valuable information to the police. These indicators include:
1. A residence where one or more individuals visit but where no one lives. Laboratory operators are generally cautious about the risks of fire, explosion, or contamination and attempt to limit their exposure and risk.
2. Residences or other buildings that have sealed doors and windows, although they are not abandoned facilities.
3. The presence of ventilating fans that operate irrespective of weather conditions.
4. A strong ammonia or related odor.
5. An unfurnished "residence."
6. A "resident" who frequently goes outside for a cigarette or to get some air.
Although these circumstances do not prove the existence of an illegal drug manufacturing operation, several of these factors together may be suggestive enough to warrant establishment of low-profile police surveillance.
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A) Mempa v. Rhay. B) Black v. Romano. C) Gagnon v. Scarpelli. D) Morrissey v. Brewer.
Did the detective make improper inducements?
Cindi Rush, a 20-year old woman with a 9th grade education and no involvement in the criminal justice system was arrested for first-degree murder as part of a household robbery. She was read Miranda warnings, interrogated, and confessed. During interrogation she gave several versions of what happened but always maintained that she did not pull the trigger. Parts of the interrogation transcript read: Rush: How, why am I bein' charged with first degree murder? Detective. Darlin', darlin', well, until we get all the details as to exactly what happened, how things laid out, there's no way we can get around this. * * * Det.. Well darlin', you're a part of the whole thing until we can get all the details as exactly what happened. We can't narrow the scope down until we know every little detail about what happened. * * * Until that happens, and we know exactly what happened that day and why it happened, I've got a warrant for ya for first degree murder. Now - Rush. I didn't kill anybody - * * * Det. Cindi, I'm not saying you did. I know you didn't. I know you didn't. And that seems like a whole lot, a huge burden on your shoulders about this. But I know you're part of it. I know that you played a part in this because there's no other way. There's no other connection to that family other than through you. There's no other connection. Now, you can sit here and take the ride, take the charge - * * * Det. Now, ya know, there, there could be some salvation here. . . . Neither one of you pulled the trigger in this. Neither one of you went inside. Neither one of you are the person that Jeffrey Gilbert was. So let's get it all out of exactly what happened and why it happened so we can resolve this and get it over with. But you sittin' here lyin' to me is not gonna do it. A confession induced by police threats, promises, or inducements render the confession involuntary and inadmissible. Mere exhortations to tell the truth and appeals to a suspect's inner conscience, in and of themselves, are not improper promises. What will be an ideal response?
The Heller decision has had a sweeping impact on gun control laws across the United States.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
The constitutional rights of inmates may be restricted by all except ________.
A. safety of prison inmates and staff B. maintenance of institutional order C. maintenance of institutional security D. the general belief that inmates are bad