The patient with the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection asks what has caused the diarrhea. The nurse responds that it is caused by:
1. protozoal infection.
2. fecal–oral contamination.
3. inflammatory response.
4. long-term antibiotic therapy.
4
Superinfections such as Clostridium difficile are caused by long-term antibiotic therapy, which kills all the natural flora of the bowel and causes diarrhea.
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A science teacher is talking to a group of fifth graders about the role of "spit." During the course of the discussion, the teacher asks the students which of the following are functions of saliva?
A) Good protection device if someone is being attacked B) Will have more saliva production when anxious, such as right before a test C) Has antibacterial action to help keep the mouth clean D) Secretes acid to chemically break down fatty foods like French fries E) Secretes the enzyme pepsin
The nurse is preparing a presentation to senior citizens about the influenza vaccination. Which information should the nurse include? Select all that apply.
1. A new vaccination is needed annually. 2. It is contraindicated to those with an allergy to eggs. 3. It should not be taken if a chronic disease is present. 4. The vaccination is given once after the age of 65 years. 5. Most people who receive the pneumonia vaccination do not need the influenza vaccine.
On examination of the prenatal patient, the nurse is aware that she will assess for a bluish pigmentation of the vagina. This objective (probable) sign of pregnancy is also known as:
1. Hegar's sign. 2. Chadwick's sign. 3. Nightingale's sign. 4. Goodell's sign.
The nurse cares for patients on a mental health unit. Which statement by the nurse indicates that deontology is being used to provide care? (Select all that apply.)
1. "I need to report this error because it is the right thing to do." 2. "I think patients have a right to refuse certain psychotropic medications." 3. "All patients need flu shots so that we can all be healthy during flu season." 4. "All patients should be treated equally whether they have insurance or not." 5. "The doctor needs to obtain informed consent so the patient can make a good decision."