______ criminologists appealed to the use of reason in applying punishments, and that is precisely what a continuum seeks to achieve.

a. Chicago
b. Neo
c. Classical
d. Traditional


c. Classical

Criminal Justice

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In which 1914 case did the Supreme Court create a law that excluded any evidence which had been collected in violation of statute or procedure?

a. Weeks v. U.S. b. Mapp v.Ohio c. Elkins v. U.S. d. Fahy v. Connecticut

Criminal Justice

Which of the following is not one of the three sets of dynamic concepts important to the life course perspective?

a. Duration b. Activation c. Desistance d. Aggravation

Criminal Justice

__________ discrimination adversely affects the way that blacks are treated by the criminal justice system because blacks have lower incomes, on average, than whites

a. Organizational b. Reverse c. Direct d. Manifest

Criminal Justice

What did Lemert say would force a change in an individual's status or role?

A) social reactions B) systematic rewards C) neutralization D) rationalization

Criminal Justice