SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The following reflect traits of gang “shot callers”: ______.

a. they are the equivalent of leaders in gangs
b. they reflect the informal division of labor in gangs
c. they are always permanent positions
d. the person in the position may change from one gang activity to the next


a. they are the equivalent of leaders in gangs
b. they reflect the informal division of labor in gangs
d. the person in the position may change from one gang activity to the next

Criminal Justice

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The Contras is the name given to the Nicaraguan Intelligence Service set up by the CIA

a. True b. False

Criminal Justice

In 2005, in the case of ______ the court found executing individuals under the age of 18 years old was considered unconstitutional and a violation of the Eighth Amendment’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment.

A. Roper v. Simmons B. Atkins v. Virginia C. Harper v. Virginia D. Gregg v. Georgia

Criminal Justice

______________ is the process of encoding information stored in computers in such a way that only authorized parties will have access to it.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Criminal Justice

Rates of female involvement in the criminal justice system have been increasing in recent years, but their absolute numbers still fall well below those of males

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice