Sara wants to teach her cat Fluffy to use his paw to turn on the television. Sara differentially reinforces Fluffy's behavior of being within one foot of the television, being within one foot and facing the television, when Fluffy touches the television with his paw, when he touches the on button with his paw, and finally when Fluffy hits the on button with his paw. This is an example of using
shaping to:
a. change a dimension of an existing behavior
b. generate a novel behavior
c. increase an existing behavior
d. reinstate a previous behavior
b
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The ability of an infant to perceive a meaningful facial form tends to occur
a. within a few minutes of birth. b. about one week after birth. c. around two to three months after birth. d. between one and two years of age.
What is a major limitation of "nationally representative" survey data? a. Minority groups are typically underrepresented
b. When minority groups are included, it is often from groups that are experiencing significant problems. c. In order to appear representative, researchers often over-include people from minority groups resulting in skewed data. d. Most people in minority groups refuse to participate in research studies.
Which tends to be considered a feminine-valued characteristic?
a. Independence b. Interdependence c. Self-sufficiency d. Competitiveness
Which of the following can be fostered by a pessimistic explanatory style?
a. Depression c. Passive behavior b. Learned helplessness d. All of these