Name and briefly describe at least five groups that most members of the Internet community belong to.
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary. Users-people who use the Internet to retrieve content or perform online activities, such as to look up a telephone number, read the day's news headlines or top stories, browse through an online catalog, make an online purchase, download a music file, watch an online video, make a phone call, or send an email message.?Internet service providers (ISPs)-businesses or other organizations, including telephone, cable, and satellite companies, that provide Internet access to others, typically for a fee. Regardless of their delivery method and geographical coverage, ISPs are the onramp to the Internet, providing their subscribers with access to the World Wide Web, email, and other Internet resources.?Internet content providers-the suppliers of the information that is available through the Internet. Internet content providers can be commercial businesses, nonprofit organizations, educational institutions, individuals, and more. For example, a musician posting his music video on YouTube, a photographer posting her best photos on her Web site, and a TV network supplying the latest episodes of a TV show to Hulu are all Internet content providers. While a great deal of Internet content is free (and typically supported by ads), a growing amount is fee based.?Application service providers (ASPs)-the companies that manage and distribute Web-based software services to customers over the Internet. Instead of providing access to the Internet like ISPs do, ASPs provide access to software applications via the Internet. Common ASP applications for businesses include office suites, collaboration and communications software, accounting programs, and e-commerce software.?Infrastructure companies-the enterprises that own or operate the paths or "roadways" along which Internet data travels, such as the Internet backbone and the communications networks connected to it. Examples of infrastructure companies include conventional and mobile phone companies, cable companies, and satellite Internet providers.?Hardware and software companies-the organizations that make and distribute the products used with the Internet and Internet activities. For example, companies that create or sell the software used in conjunction with the Internet, such as Web browsers, email programs, e-commerce and multimedia software, and Web development tools, fall into this category. So, too, do the companies that make the hardware-such as network adapters, modems, cables, routers, servers, computers, and mobile phones, for instance-that is used with the Internet.?Governments-the ruling bodies of countries can pass laws that impact both the information available via the Web and the access their citizens have to the Internet. For example, in France, it is illegal to sell items or post online content related to racist groups or activities. In China, tight controls are imposed on what information is published on Web servers located in China, as well as on the information available to its citizens. And in the United States, anything illegal offline is illegal online.?Key Internet organizations-other organizations that are responsible for many aspects of the Internet. For example, the Internet Society provides leadership in addressing issues that may impact the future of the Internet. It also oversees the groups responsible for Internet infrastructure standards, such as determining the protocols that can be used and how Internet addresses are constructed. ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) coordinates activities related to the Internet's naming system, such as IP address allocation and domain name management. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)is an international community of over 450 organizations dedicated to developing new protocols and specifications to be used with the Web and to ensure its interoperability. In addition, many colleges and universities support Internet research and manage blocks of the Internet's resources. Please see the section "Evolution of the Internet" for more information.
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The character class \s represents any:
a. whitespace character b. space character c. string character d. non-whitespace character
Which of the following statements is false?
a. The following assignment statement adds the values of variables x and y and assigns the result to the variable total: total = x + y b. The preceding snippet is read, “total is assigned the value of x + y.” c. The = symbol is the assignment operator. d. The right side of the = symbol always executes first, then the result is assigned to the variable on the symbol’s left side.
Which strategy uses free memory more uniformly?
What will be an ideal response?
____________________ refers to the incidence of changing forms, or self-modification.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).