In the cladogram shown, the animals across the top are a lancelet, lamprey, salmon, lizard, and rabbit (from left to right). If the salmon, lizard, and rabbit are an ingroup, which animals make up the outgroup, and which characteristics are synapomorphies of the ingroup? 

A. Lamprey and lancelet; notochord and vertebrae
B. Lancelet, lamprey and salmon; notochord, vertebrae, and a hinged jaw.
C. Lancelet and lamprey; hinged jaw. 
D. Lancelet only; notochord, vertebrae, hinged jaw, tetrapod, and mammary glands.
E. Lizard and rabbit; tetrapod and mammary glands.


Answer: C

Biology & Microbiology

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