Discuss the two main types of hearing loss, describe their causes and treatments, and explain how effective these treatments have been
What will be an ideal response?
Answer will include that the two main types of hearing loss are conductive and sensorineural. Conductive hearing loss occurs when the transfer of vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear weakens. For example, the eardrums or ossicles may be damaged or immobilized by disease or injury. In many cases, conductive hearing loss can be overcome with a hearing aid, which makes sounds louder and clearer.
Sensorineural hearing loss results from damage to the inner ear hair cells or auditory nerve. Many jobs, hobbies, and pastimes can cause noise-induced hearing loss, a common form of sensorineural hearing loss that occurs when very loud sounds damage fragile hair cells, (as in hunter's notch), and dead hair cells are never replaced. Hearing aids are of no help in cases of sensorineural hearing loss because auditory messages are blocked from reaching the brain. In many cases, however, the auditory nerve is actually intact. This finding has spurred the development of cochlear implants that bypass hair cells and stimulate the auditory nerves directly. Wires from a microphone carry electrical signals to an external coil. A matching coil under the skin picks up the signals and carries them to one or more areas of the cochlea. The latest implants make use of place theory to separate higher and lower tones into separate channels. This has allowed some formerly deaf persons to hear human voices, music, and other higher frequency sounds. About 60 percent of all multichannel implant patients can understand some spoken words and appreciate music. Some deaf children with implants learn to speak. Those who receive a cochlear implant before age two have the best chance to learn spoken language
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