Discuss the init script and its job in initializing a Linux system.
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The initramfs must always provide an executable named init that should execute the actual init program on the root file system for the boot process to proceed.
The kernel starts the init program contained in the initramfs. The init program is a shell script that, among other things, loads the kernel modules needed to mount the actual root file system, mounts the root file system, and then finally starts /sbin/init from the root file system.
After checking the partitions and mounting the root file system, the init program (located in the initramfs image) starts /sbin/init, which boots the system and loads all of the services and programs configured for the system.
The init process is always assigned a process ID number of 1. It uses the configuration information in the /etc/inittab file to determine how to run the initialization process.
Once the init process starts, it runs the /etc/init.d/boot script. This script completes initialization tasks such as creating device files in /dev and executing scripts in the /etc/init.d/boot.d/ directory (e.g., mounting local file systems and setting disk quotas).
After the boot script has been completed, init starts the /etc/init.d/rc script. This script uses your runlevel configuration to start services and daemons. Each runlevel has its own set of services configured that are initiated. For example, runlevel 5 includes the X Window components that run the Linux desktop.
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