What is the result of renal autoregulation?
a) the reabsorption of sodium is altered as necessary depending on the GFR
b) the rate of urine output is unchanged regardless of the GFR
c) the GFR is held steady regardless of changes in the mean arterial pressure
c) the GFR is held steady regardless of changes in the mean arterial pressure
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A 21-year-old man with insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus who forgot to inject his insulin is seen in the emergency department. The following laboratory data are obtained:
Serum [Na+] = 140 mEq/L (normal: 135 to 147 mEq/L) Serum [K+] = 6.5 mEq/L (normal: 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L) Serum [HCO3-] = 10 mEq/L (normal: 22 to 28 mEq/L) Blood pH = 7.0 (normal: 7.35 to 7.45) Arterial PCO2 = 25 mm Hg (normal: 33 to 44 mm Hg) Serum [glucose] = 1,000 mg/dL (normal: 70 to 110 mg/dL) Which of the following plays the most important role in the generation of hyperkalemia in this man? A. low plasma osmolality B. low arterial PCO2 C. hyponatremia D. metabolic acidosis E. low plasma insulin concentration
Which is an accurate description of glucose and sucrose?
A. Glucose is a monosaccharide, sucrose is a polysaccharide, both molecules are starches. B. Glucose is a monosaccharide, sucrose is a disaccharide, both molecules are carbohydrates. C. Glucose is a disaccharide, sucrose is a monosaccharide, both molecules are lipids. D. Glucose is a disaccharide, sucrose is a glycolipid, both molecules are essential nutrients. E. Glucose is a monoamine, sucrose is a dipeptide, both molecules are acidic.
In adults, ________ marrow fills the central canal of long bones, and ________ marrow is found in the epiphyses of long bones
A) red, red B) yellow, yellow C) red, yellow D) yellow, red
In a lumbar puncture (spinal tap), fluid is extracted from the
A. central canal of the spinal cord. B. epidural space. C. subdural space. D. epipial space. E. subarachnoid space.