Dr. X has been known to say one thing to one person and another thing to another, e.g., saying to one that science is a falsity and to another that it is the basis of understanding. With each person he presents an argument that is effective for that audience but without believing in truth. Such deceptive argumentation is an example of a ___________ strategy.
a. solipsist
b. skeptic
c. sophist
d. relativist
Answer: c. sophist
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Validity is to reliability as a. study is to experiment
b. cause is to correlation. c. positive is to negative. d. accuracy is to consistency.
Beliefs about the personal traits and behaviors of individuals who belong to specific groups are called:
a. stereotypes b. self-fulfilling prophecies c. fundamental attribution errors d. social inferences
Which is NOT considered one of the five canonical senses but is, in fact, a human sensory ability?
A. touch B. proprioception C. vision D. lateralization
Based on his observations of cats in puzzle boxes, Thorndike concluded that ________
a. behavior modification does not work. b. animals can learn from watching others model behavior. c. behavior is controlled by its consequences. d. there are biological limits to what behaviors an animal can learn.